Before Man’s Domination Over Man: Humanity as an Egalitarian Society
Some narratives weigh heavily on our collective imagination. Among them is t he idea that domination, violence, and hierarchy are inevitable . According to this view, human history is a long succession of power struggles, marked from the very beginning by the subjugation of man by man. But this narrative, which has shaped our representations for centuries, deserves to be revisited. Recent work—particularly that of David Graeber and David Wengrow in The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity (2021)—invites us to radically rethink the long arc of human societies and to deconstruct the notion that social inequality is inevitable or “natural.” A More Egalitarian Humanity Than We Think For most of its history, humanity lived in egalitarian societies. Considering that Homo sapiens have existed for around 300,000 years, and agriculture only emerged about 10,000 years ago, the timeline reminds us of a simple truth: the forms of organization we now consider “normal”—centralized states, s...