Understanding the Rise of Culture Wars: History, Morality, and Beliefs
Over the past fifteen years, the term culture wars has become a fixture in Western public discourse, referring to a diffuse yet persistent conflict between social groups with irreconcilable worldviews. These ideological clashes span a wide range of issues: minority rights, gender equality, environmentalism, religion’s role in society, freedom of speech, and the use of technology. They manifest on social media, at the ballot box, in the streets, and even on the international stage, where powerful civilizational blocs (Russia, China, the Muslim and African worlds) reject so-called “Western values.” To grasp the deeper roots of this intensification, we must draw on multiple interpretive frameworks from complementary disciplines: historical anthropology (Graeber & Wengrow), moral and evolutionary psychology (Haidt), sociology of collective beliefs (Bronner), as well as political science and social psychology. These approaches converge on a shared explanation: culture wars are not accid...