When the Sovereign Individual Destroys the Common Good
Liberalism was born of a magnificent impulse: emancipation. In Enlightenment Europe, it tore the individual away from the tutelage of kings and clergy, granting him the right to reason, to speak, to be free. Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Kant, all proclaimed the same faith in human autonomy. It was as much a spiritual as a political revolution: henceforth, man was to obey no one but himself, or rather, his conscience. Two centuries later, that promise has turned back on itself. Autonomy has mutated into radical independence, freedom into a cult of the “self.” Tocqueville foresaw it: in modern democracies, each person risks withdrawing into their private sphere, indifferent to the collective fate. This drift has become a system. Wedded to consumer capitalism, political liberalism has engendered an unchecked individualism, where emancipation is no longer a means to build together but a right to exist alone. Today, “being yourself” has become a moral imperative. One must stand out, s...