The Duality of Happiness: How Science Reconciled Aristotle and Epicurus
Since philosophy first began questioning the conditions of the “good life,” a tectonic fault line has separated two vast continents of thought, two opposing conceptions. On one side, the legacy of Aristotle and the Stoics urges us to seek eudaimonia, that form of self-realization that demands effort and meaning. On the other, the hedonist tradition, from Aristippus of Cyrene to Jeremy Bentham by way of Epicurus, whispers that happiness is nothing more than the arithmetic sum of our pleasures minus our pains. This quarrel, long believed to be set in the marble of library shelves, found an unexpected arbiter in Daniel Kahneman. By dissecting the machinery of cognition, the late Nobel laureate in psychology, who passed away in 2024, did more than uncover our biases; he mapped the duality of the human psyche, offering at last a key to reconciling the ecstasy of the moment with the satisfaction of a life story told. The Anatomy of Our Two Selves Kahneman’s premise amounts to an act of anthr...